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Inserting a urinary catheter is a procedure that requires sterile technique because it involves accessing the urinary tract, which is a sterile environment within the body. To prevent the introduction of pathogens and subsequent infections, healthcare providers must maintain a sterile field during the procedure. This includes using sterile gloves and equipment, as well as following strict protocols to ensure that no contaminants come into contact with instruments or the catheter itself.

On the other hand, changing a bed sheet, measuring blood pressure, and donning a gown do not require sterile techniques. While these tasks may necessitate cleanliness and diligence, they do not involve invasive access to sterile body areas. Changing a bed sheet is a routine task aimed at patient comfort and hygiene, measuring blood pressure is a non-invasive assessment of cardiovascular health, and donning a gown typically involves standard precautions, but does not require maintaining a sterile field as sensitive as that needed for catheter insertion.